The simplicity of the operation of this machine
"The simplicity of the operation of this machine, together with its
effectiveness, and very apparent durability, renders it decidedly the
most important and valuable apparatus yet developed in hydraulics, for forcing a portion of
a running stream of water to any elevation, proportionate to the fall
obtained. It is perfectly applicable where no more than eighteen inches
fall can be had; yet, the greater the fall applied, the more powerful
the operation of the machine, and the higher the water may be conveyed.
The relative proportions between the water raised, and wasted, is
dependent entirely upon the relative height of the spring or source of
supply above the ram, and the elevation to which it is required to be
raised. The quantity raised varying in proportion to the height to which
it is conveyed, with a given fall; also, the distance which the water
has to be conveyed, and consequent length of pipe, has some bearing on
the quantity of water raised and discharged by the ram; as, the longer
the pipe through which the water has to be forced by the machine, the
greater the friction to be overcome, and the more the power consumed in
the operation; yet, it is common to apply the ram for conveying the
water distances of one and two hundred rods, and up elevations of one
and two hundred feet. Ten feet fall from the spring, or brook, to the
ram, is abundantly sufficient for forcing up the water to any elevation
under say one hundred and fifty feet in height, above the level of the
point where the ram is located; and the same ten feet fall will raise
the water to a much higher point than above last named, although in a
diminished quantity, in proportion as the height is increased.
When a sufficient quantity of water is raised with a given fall, it is
not advisable to increase said fall, as in so doing the force with which the ram works is increased, and the amount of labor
which it has to perform greatly augmented, the wear and tear of the
machine proportionably increased, and the durability of the same
lessened; so that economy, in the expense of keeping the ram in repair,
would dictate that no greater fall should be applied, for propelling the
ram, than is sufficient to raise a requisite supply of water to the
place of use. To enable any person to make the calculation, as to what
fall would be sufficient to apply to the ram, to raise a sufficient
supply of water to his premises, we would say, that in conveying it any
ordinary distance, of say fifty or sixty rods, it may be safely
calculated that about one-seventh part of the water can be raised and
discharged at an elevation above the ram five times as high as the fall
which is applied to the ram, or one-fourteenth part can be raised and
discharged, say ten times as high as the fall applied; and so in that
proportion, as the fall or rise is varied. Thus, if the ram be placed
under a head or fall of five feet, of every seven gallons drawn from the
spring, one may be raised twenty-five feet, or half a gallon fifty feet.
Or with ten feet fall applied to the machine, of every fourteen gallons
drawn from the spring, one gallon may be raised to the height of one
hundred feet above the machine; and so in like proportion, as the fall
or rise is increased or diminished.
Fonte: Rural Architecture. Farm Houses.
No comments:
Post a Comment